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single honours

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1 single honours

n Brit

Univ, (also: single honours degree) laurea in una sola materia

English-Italian dictionary > single honours
2 single honours

n. brit. univ. (исто и single honours degree) (дипломирани на) еднопредметна група

English-Macedonian dictionary > single honours
3 single honours

sin.gle hon.ours

[siŋgəl 'ɔnəz] n curso no qual só uma matéria principal é estudada.

English-Portuguese dictionary > single honours
4 single

single [ˈsɪŋgl]

1. adjective

   a. ( = just one) seul

• in a single day en un seul jour

• every single day tous les jours sans exception

• I couldn't think of a single thing to say je ne savais absolument pas quoi dire

• a single department should deal with all these matters un service unique devrait traiter toutes ces affaires

   b. ( = individual) the biggest single issue in the election campaign le sujet principal de la campagne électorale

• the single most important invention since the wheel la plus grande invention depuis la roue

   c. [knot, flower, thickness] simple

• a single sheet (for bed) un drap pour un lit d'une personne

• a single whisky un whisky simple

• to be in single figures [number, score] être inférieur à dix ; [rate] être inférieur à 10 %

• in single file en file indienne

   d. ( = unmarried) célibataire

• she's a single woman elle est célibataire

   e. (British) single ticket aller m simple

2. noun

   a. (British = ticket) aller m (simple)

   b. ( = record) a single un 45 tours

   c. also single room chambre f individuelle

3. plural noun

singles

   a. (Tennis) simple m

• ladies' singles simple m dames

   b. ( = unmarried people) (inf) célibataires mpl

• singles bar/club bar m/club m de rencontres pour célibataires

4. compounds

► single bed noun lit m d'une personne

► single cream noun (British) crème f fraîche liquide

► single European currency noun monnaie f unique européenne

► the Single European Market noun le marché unique européen

► single-handed adverb sans aucune aide adjective

[achievement] fait sans aucune aide

► single honours noun (British University) also single honours degree ≈ licence f préparée dans une seule matière

► single market noun marché m unique

► single-minded adjective [person] résolu ; [attempt] énergique ; [determination] farouche

• to be single-minded about sth concentrer tous ses efforts sur qch ► single mother noun mère f célibataire

► single parent noun père m (or mère f ) célibataire

► single-parent family noun famille f monoparentale

► single room noun chambre f individuelle

► single-sex adjective (British) [school, education, class] non mixte

► single-sided disk noun (Computing) disque m simple face

► single supplement noun (in hotel) supplément m chambre individuelle

► single out separable transitive verb

( = pick out) choisir

• I don't want to single anyone out je ne veux pas faire de distinctions

* * *
['sɪŋgl] 1.
noun

1) (also single ticket) aller m simple

2) Tourism (also single room) chambre f à une personne

3) Music ( record) 45 tours m
2.
adjective

1) ( sole) seul

a single rose — une seule rose

in a single day — en une seule journée

2) ( not double) [sink] à un bac; [unit] simple; [door] à un battant; [wardrobe] à une porte; [sheet, duvet] pour une personne

inflation is in single figures — Economics l'inflation est inférieure à 10%

3) ( for one) [bed, tariff, portion] pour une personne

4) ( unmarried) célibataire

5) ( used emphatically)

every single day — tous les jours sans exception

every single one of those people — chacune de ces personnes

there wasn't a single person there — il n'y avait absolument personne

not a single thing was left — il ne restait pas la moindre chose

6) (describing main cause, aspect)

the single most important factor — le facteur principal

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- single out

English-French dictionary > single
5 single

single ['sɪŋgəl]

single ⇒ 1 (a) aller simple ⇒ 1 (b), 2 (f) chambre ⇒ 1 (c) seul ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) unique ⇒ 2 (a) simple ⇒ 2 (c) singulier ⇒ 2 (c) pour une personne ⇒ 2 (d) célibataire ⇒ 2 (e)

1 noun

(a) (record) 45 tours m inv, single m; (CD, cassette) single m

(b) British (ticket → for journey) aller m simple;

∎ Theatre we only have singles left il ne nous reste que des places séparées

(c) (hotel room) chambre f pour une personne ou individuelle;

∎ I've reserved a single with bath j'ai réservé une chambre pour une personne avec bain

(d) (usu pl) (money) British pièce f d'une livre; American billet m d'un dollar;

∎ she gave me the change in singles (in pounds)elle m'a rendu la monnaie en pièces d'une livre; (in dollars) elle m'a rendu la monnaie en billets d'un dollar

(e) (in cricket) point m

2 adjective

(a) (sole) seul, unique;

∎ the room was lit by a single lamp la pièce était éclairée par une seule lampe;

∎ the report comes in a single volume le rapport est publié en un (seul) volume;

∎ he gave her a single red rose il lui a donné une rose rouge;

∎ I can't think of one single reason why I should do it je n'ai aucune raison de le faire;

∎ there wasn't a single person in the street il n'y avait pas un chat dans la rue;

∎ not a single one of her friends came pas un seul de ses amis ou aucun de ses amis n'est venu;

∎ I couldn't think of a single thing to say je ne trouvais absolument rien à dire;

∎ don't say a single word ne dites pas un (seul) mot

(b) (individual, considered separately)

∎ our single most important resource is oil notre principale ressource est le pétrole;

∎ what would my single best investment be? quel serait le meilleur placement?;

∎ we sell single items at a higher price per unit le prix unitaire est plus élevé;

∎ single copies cost more un exemplaire seul coûte plus cher;

∎ in any single year, average sales are ten million sur une seule année, les ventes sont en moyenne de dix millions;

∎ every single day tous les jours;

∎ every single apple or every single one of the apples was rotten toutes les pommes sans exception étaient pourries;

∎ every single time I take the plane, there's some problem chaque fois que je prends l'avion, il y a un problème

(c) (not double → flower, thickness) simple; (→ combat) singulier;

∎ five years ago we had single figure inflation il y a cinq ans nous avions un taux d'inflation inférieur à 10 pour cent;

∎ the score is still in single figures le score est toujours inférieur à dix

(d) (for one person → bed) à une place, pour une personne; Nautical (→ cabin) individuel;

∎ a single sheet un drap pour un lit d'une personne

(e) (unmarried) célibataire;

∎ a single man/woman un/une célibataire;

∎ the single life seems to agree with you la vie de célibataire a l'air de te convenir

(f) British (one way)

∎ a single ticket to Oxford un aller (simple) pour Oxford;

∎ the single fare is £12 un aller simple coûte 12 livres

►► British single cream crème f (fraîche) liquide;

single currency monnaie f unique;

the Single European Act l'Acte m unique européen;

the Single (European) Market le Marché unique (européen);

single file file f indienne;

∎ to walk in single file marcher en file indienne ou à la queue leu leu;

British University single honours = licence portant sur une seule matière;

single occupancy (of hotel room) occupation f par une seule personne;

single parent (gen) père m/mère f célibataire; Administration parent m isolé;

∎ he's a single parent c'est un père célibataire;

Insurance single premium prime f unique;

single price prix m unique;

single quotes guillemets mpl;

single room chambre f pour une personne ou individuelle;

single (room) supplement supplément m chambre individuelle;

single scull (in rowing) skiff m;

Computing single sheet feed alimentation f feuille à feuille;

Typography single spacing interlignage m simple;

Railways single track voie f unique;

Politics single transferable vote scrutin m uninominal préférentiel avec report de voix;

Computing single user licence licence f individuelle d'utilisation;

single yellow line = ligne jaune indiquant que le stationnement est autorisé à certaines heures

➲ single out separable transitive verb

(for attention, honour) sélectionner, distinguer;

∎ a few candidates were singled out for special praise quelques candidats ont eu droit à des félicitations supplémentaires;

∎ they were all guilty, so why single anyone out? ils étaient tous coupables, alors pourquoi accuser quelqu'un en particulier?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > single
6 single

'siŋɡl
1. adjective
1) (one only: The spider hung on a single thread.) solo, único

2) (for one person only: a single bed/mattress.) individual

3) (unmarried: a single person.) soltero

4) (for or in one direction only: a single ticket/journey/fare.) de ida, sencillo

2. noun
1) (a gramophone record with only one tune or song on each side: This group have just brought out a new single.) (disco) sencillo, single

2) (a one-way ticket.) billete sencillo

•

- singleness
- singles
- singly
- single-breasted
- single-decker
- single-handed
- single parent
- single out

single¹ adj

1. solo / único

he gave her a single red rose le dio una sola rosa roja

2. individual

a single bed una cama individual

3. soltero

are you single or married? ¿estás soltero o casado?

in single file en fila india

single² n

1. billete de ida

a single to Castleford, please un billete de ida a Castleford, por favor

2. sencillo

have you listened to their new single? ¿has escuchado su nuevo sencillo?

Del verbo singlar: ( conjugate singlar) \ \
singlé es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

single es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

single /'siŋgel/ sustantivo masculino 1 (Mús) single 2 ( en tenis)
a) (CS) ( partido) singles (match)

b)

◊ singles sustantivo masculino plural (AmL) ( partido) singles (match)
' single' also found in these entries: Spanish: billete - cama - casarse - desfilar - fila - gramaje - india - indio - individual - monetaria - monetario - monocultivo - monofásica - monofásico - monoplaza - no - pasar - sencilla - sencillo - singularizar - sola - solo - soltera - soltero - triste - unicameral - unicelular - unifamiliar - año - boleto - crema - habitación - labio - madre - ni - palabra - pasaje - quedar - seguir - suelto - único - uno English: currency - file - navigate - section - single - single currency - single out - single parent - single-breasted - single-family - single-figure - single-handed - single-minded - single-mindedness - single-sex - single-space - single-spacing - anything - bachelor - blossom - cloud - coil - curriculum - hair - individual - odd - one - scrap - session - shred - sitting - solitary - stair - standing - straw - whisker - work

single

tr['sɪŋgəl]

adjective

1 (only one) solo,-a, único,-a

■ we heard a single scream oímos un solo grito

■ a single blow un solo golpe

■ not a single person came no vino ni una sola persona

2 (composed of one part) simple, sencillo,-a

■ single figures cifras de un solo dígito

■ a single flower una flor simple

■ a single yellow line una línea amarilla sencilla

3 (for one person) individual

4 (separate, individual) cada

■ she copied every single word copió cada palabra

■ every single day todos los días

■ it's the single most important cause es la causa más importante

5 (unmarried) soltero,-a

noun

1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (single ticket) billete nombre masculino de ida, billete nombre masculino sencillo

2 (record) (disco) sencillo, single nombre masculino

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in cricket) tanto; (in baseball) sencillo

4 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (one dollar bill) billete nombre masculino de un dólar

plural noun singles

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in tennis, badminton) individuales nombre masculino plural

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in single file en fila india

single combat combate nombre masculino singular

single cream nata líquida

single parent (mother) madre nombre femenino soltera 2 (father) padre nombre masculino soltero

single room habitación nombre femenino individual

single ['sɪŋgəl] vt, - gled ; - gling or to single out

1) select: escoger

2) distinguish: señalar

single adj

1) unmarried: soltero

2) sole: solo

a single survivor: un solo sobreviviente

every single one: cada uno, todos

single n

1) : soltero m, -ra f

for married couples and singles: para los matrimonios y los solteros

2) or single room : habitación f individual

3) dollar: billete m de un dólar

single

adj.

• célibe adj.

• habitación individual s.f.

• individual adj.

• mozo, -a adj.

• sencillo, -a adj.

• simple adj.

• singular adj.

• solo, -a adj.

• soltero, -a adj.

• uno, -a adj.

• único, -a adj.

v.

• singularizar v.

I 'sɪŋgəl
adjective

1) ( just one) (before n) solo

a single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones

it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia

the largest single shareholder — el mayor accionista individual

every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)

not a single house was left standing — no quedó ni una sola casa en pie

2) (before n)

a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)

b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simple

single figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito

in single file — en fila india

c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo

3) ( unmarried) soltero

I'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- single out

II

noun

1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m

a 12-inch single — un maxi-single

2)

a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de ida

b) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f

3) singles pl (before n)

singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in baseball) sencillo m

b) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles

['sɪŋɡl]
1. ADJ

1) (before noun) (=one only) solo

in a single day — en un solo día

we heard a single shot — oímos un solo disparo

our team won by a single point — nuestro equipo ganó por un solo punto

2) (before noun) (emphatic)

• we didn't see a single car that afternoon — no vimos ni un solo coche esa tarde

not a single one was left — no quedó ni uno

• it rained every single day — no dejó de llover ni un solo día, llovió todos los días sin excepción

• I did not doubt her sincerity for a single moment — no dudé de su sinceridad ni por un momento

• not a or one single person came to her aid — ni una sola persona fue a ayudarla

• the single biggest problem — el problema más grande

the US is the single biggest producer of carbon dioxide — los EEUU son los mayores productores de carbón

• I couldn't think of a single thing to say — no se me ocurría nada que decir

3) (before noun) (=individual)

he gave her a single rose — le dio una rosa

a single diamond — un solitario

4) (before noun) (=not double) [bed, sheet, room] individual; [garage] para un solo coche; [whisky, gin etc] sencillo; [bloom] simple

a single knot — un nudo sencillo
figure 1., 5)
5) (=unmarried) [person] soltero; [mother, father] sin pareja; [life] de soltero; single-parent

6) (before noun) (Brit) (=one-way) [ticket, fare] de ida

2. N

1) (in hotel) (also: single room) habitación f individual

2) (Brit) (also: single ticket) billete m de ida

3) (=record) sencillo m, single m

4) (Cricket) (=one run) tanto m

5) (Brit) (=pound coin or note) billete m or moneda f de una libra; (US) (=dollar note) billete m de un dólar

6) singles

a) (Tennis etc) individuales mpl

the men's singles — los individuales masculinos

b) (=unmarried people) solteros mpl

3.

CPD

single combat N — combate m singular

in single combat — en combate singular

single cream N — (Brit) crema f de leche líquida, nata f líquida (Sp)

single currency N — moneda f única

single density disk N — disco m de densidad sencilla

single European currency N — moneda f europea

Single European Market N —

• the Single European Market — el Mercado Único Europeo

single father N — padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja

single file N —

in single file — en fila india

single honours N — licenciatura universitaria en la que se estudia una sola especialidad

single lens reflex (camera) N — cámara f réflex de una lente

single malt (whisky) N — whisky m de malta

single market N — mercado m único

single mother N — madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja

single parent N — (=woman) madre f soltera, madre f sin pareja; (=man) padre m soltero, padre m sin pareja

single parent benefit N — ayuda del Estado por ser padre soltero o madre soltera

singles bar N — bar m para solteros

singles chart N — lista f de los singles más vendidos

single spacing N — (Typ) interlineado m simple

in single spacing — a espacio sencillo

single supplement, single person supplement, single room supplement N — (in hotel) recargo m por reserva individual

single transferable vote N (Pol) —

single transferable vote system — sistema m del voto único transferible

- single out

* * *

I ['sɪŋgəl]
adjective

1) ( just one) (before n) solo

a single issue dominated the talks — un solo or único tema dominó las conversaciones

it's the single most important issue — es el tema más importante or de mayor importancia

the largest single shareholder — el mayor accionista individual

every single day — todos los días sin excepción, todos los santos días (fam); (with neg)

not a single house was left standing — no quedó ni una sola casa en pie

2) (before n)

a) ( for one person) < room> individual; <bed/sheet> individual, de una plaza (AmL)

b) ( not double) <lens/engine/line> solo; < flower> simple

single figures — cifras fpl de un solo dígito

in single file — en fila india

c) (BrE Transp) <fare/ticket> de ida, sencillo

3) ( unmarried) soltero

I'm single — soy or (Esp tb) estoy soltero

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- single out

II

noun

1) (Audio, Mus) single m, (disco m) sencillo m

a 12-inch single — un maxi-single

2)

a) ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m de ida

b) ( room) (habitación f) individual f or sencilla f

3) singles pl (before n)

singles bar — bar para personas en busca de pareja

4) ( Sport)

a) ( in baseball) sencillo m

b) ( in cricket) tanto m; see also singles

English-spanish dictionary > single
7 diplomatura

f.

similar diploma (education).

* * *

SF diploma course

See:

ver nota culturelle LICENCIATURA in licenciatura

* * *

= bachelor's degree, first degree, honours degree, honours programme, undergraduate programme, honours course, undergraduate major, major, undergraduate degree.

Ex. He received his bachelor's degree from UCLA and a master's degree in librarianship from Catholic University.

Ex. Many of these latter types of courses are intended to serve as conversion or re-orientation courses for people with first degree in related subject areas.

Ex. This paper describes the new honours degree in Applied Social Studies at the Polytechnic of North London.

Ex. Other educators created honors programs that expanded even more rapidly after World War II.

Ex. The university is planning a new undergraduate programme in information studies.

Ex. However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.

Ex. This largish university has more than 20,000 students and offers over 200 undergraduate majors, over 100 master's degree options, and 17 doctoral degree programmes.

Ex. The longitudinal study suggests that students change majors, select programs, and complete courses that are congruent with their cognitive styles.

Ex. Political science was the most popular undergraduate degree for lawyers working in all sectors, followed either by education or arts and letters.

----

* biblioteca de diplomatura = undergraduate library.

* curso de diplomatura = undergraduate course, honours course.

* diplomatura (en ciencias) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science).

* diplomatura en humanidades = B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), B.A. degree.

* estudiante de diplomatura = undergraduate, undergraduate student, honours student.

* estudiante posterior a la diplomatura = postgraduate student.

* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).

* * *

diplomatura (en ciencias)

(n.) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science)

Ex: There are more than 20 LIS schools in the Arab world and they grant diplomas, B.Sc. degrees, Master degrees and Ph.D.

= bachelor's degree, first degree, honours degree, honours programme, undergraduate programme, honours course, undergraduate major, major, undergraduate degree.

Ex: He received his bachelor's degree from UCLA and a master's degree in librarianship from Catholic University.

Ex: Many of these latter types of courses are intended to serve as conversion or re-orientation courses for people with first degree in related subject areas.

Ex: This paper describes the new honours degree in Applied Social Studies at the Polytechnic of North London.

Ex: Other educators created honors programs that expanded even more rapidly after World War II.

Ex: The university is planning a new undergraduate programme in information studies.

Ex: However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.

Ex: This largish university has more than 20,000 students and offers over 200 undergraduate majors, over 100 master's degree options, and 17 doctoral degree programmes.

Ex: The longitudinal study suggests that students change majors, select programs, and complete courses that are congruent with their cognitive styles.

Ex: Political science was the most popular undergraduate degree for lawyers working in all sectors, followed either by education or arts and letters.

* biblioteca de diplomatura = undergraduate library.

* curso de diplomatura = undergraduate course, honours course.

* diplomatura (en ciencias) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science).

* diplomatura en humanidades = B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), B.A. degree.

* estudiante de diplomatura = undergraduate, undergraduate student, honours student.

* estudiante posterior a la diplomatura = postgraduate student.

* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).

* * *

diplomatura

feminine

(en Esp) former university qualification, gained after three years

* * *

diplomatura f Univ degree: tiene una diplomatura en Biología, he holds a degree in Biology
' diplomatura' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
diplomada
- diplomado
English:
degree

* * *

diplomatura nf
Educ diploma [qualification obtained after three years of university study]
* * *

diplomatura

f diploma

Spanish-English dictionary > diplomatura
8 curso de diplomatura

(n.) = undergraduate course, honours course

Ex. The teaching programme includes large postgraduate courses and an undergraduate course, each with 50 students a year with a total of 250 overall.

Ex. However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.

* * *

(n.) = undergraduate course, honours course

Ex: The teaching programme includes large postgraduate courses and an undergraduate course, each with 50 students a year with a total of 250 overall.

Ex: However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.

Spanish-English dictionary > curso de diplomatura
9 casa

f edificio house

( abitazione) home

finance company

casa di cura nursing home

casa editrice publishing house

casa dello studente hall of residence

casa a schiera terraced house

casa unifamiliare single-family dwelling

casa per le vacanze holiday home

case popolari council houses

seconda casa second home

essere di casa be like one of the family

dove stai di casa? where do you live?

cambiar casa move (house)

fatto in casa home-made

andare a casa go home

essere a casa be at home

sports giocare in/fuori casa play at home/away

* * *

casa s.f.

1 ( abitazione) house; ( residenza abituale, ambiente familiare) home; ( appartamento) flat, apartment: casa di campagna, house in the country; prima casa, main home; (di giovani coppie ecc.) first (o starter) home; seconda casa, second home (anche fig.); holiday home; casa in affitto, rented house; casa popolare, council house; casa colonica, farmhouse; abita a casa nostra, he lives at our house (o he lives with us); dove stai di casa?, where do you live?; andammo a casa loro, we went to their house (o we went to them); passerò l'estate a casa di mio zio, I'm going to spend the summer at my uncle's (house); andare a casa, to go home; essere fuori di casa, to be out; essere in casa, to be at home (o to be indoors); esser via da, lontano da casa, to be away (o far) from home; restare a casa, to stay at home (o to keep indoors); tornare a casa, to go back (o to come back o to return) home; uscire di casa, to go out // casa albergo, residential hotel // amico di casa, family friend; donna di casa, woman fond of her home; ( brava massaia) housewife; fatto in casa, homemade; nostalgia di casa, homesickness; spese di casa, household expenses (o housekeeping) // (sport) giocare in casa, to play at home; (fig.) to be on one's own ground (o turf); giocare fuori casa, to play away (from home) (anche fig.) // casa dolce casa, home sweet home // andare di casa in casa, to go from door to door // stare a casa del diavolo, to live in the back of beyond // fare gli onori di casa, to receive guests (o to play host) // mettere su casa, to set up house; ( sposarsi) to get married // non avere né casa né tetto, to be homeless // ognuno è re in casa propria, (prov.) every man is master in his own home

2 ( convento) religious house, religious community, convent: casa madre, mother house

3 ( edificio pubblico) house: casa da gioco, gambling (o gaming) house; gestire una casa da gioco illegale, to conduct an illegal gambling enterprise; casa dello studente, (university) students' hostel; casa di correzione, reformatory (o Borstal); casa di cura, di salute, nursing home; casa di pena, penitentiary (o prison o gaol); casa di riposo, rest home; casa di tolleranza, licensed brothel; casa malfamata, house of ill fame

4 ( famiglia, stirpe, lignaggio, dinastia) family, house; dynasty: la casa regnante, the ruling dynasty

5 (comm.) house, business house, firm, company: casa commerciale, business house (o firm); casa commissionaria, commission house; casa madre, ( sede principale) head office, ( società controllante) parent company; casa editrice, publishing house; casa discografica, record company; casa d'esportazione, export house; casa d'importazione, importing house; casa di pegno, pawn agency (o pawnshop o pawnbroker's); casa di spedizione, forwarding agency, ( marittima) shipping agency; casa vinicola, wine producing company (o wine producer) // (fin.): casa di sconto, discount house; casa di accettazione, acceptance (o accepting) house

6 ( astrologia) house

7 ( scacchi, dama) square.

* * *
['kasa]
1. sf

1) (edificio) house

una bella casa grande — a nice big house

casa a quattro piani — four-storey(ed) Brit o four-storied Am house

casa di campagna — (grande) house in the country, (piccola) country cottage

casa di mattoni — brick house

case a schiera — terraced Brit o row Am houses

hanno una bella casa — they have a nice flat

la Casa Bianca Pol — the White House

2) (abitazione) home

essere/stare a o in casa — to be/stay at home

sono stato in casa tutta la sera — I was at home all evening

eravamo a casa mia — we were at my house

non è a casa — she isn't at home

sarò a casa tra un'ora — I'll be home in an hour

tornare a casa — to come/go back home

è tornato a casa tardi — he got home late

andare a casa — to go home

vado a casa mia/tua — I'm going home/to your house

c'è nessuno in casa? — is anybody in?

vieni a casa nostra? — are you coming to our house o place?

uscire di casa — to leave home

dove sta di casa? — where does he live?

non sa dove stia di casa la cortesia — he doesn't know the meaning of courtesy

essere di casa — to be like one of the family

è una ragazza tutta casa e chiesa — she is a home-loving, church-going girl

fatto in casa — home-made

pane fatto in casa — home-made bread

fai come se fossi a casa tua — make yourself at home

abitare a casa del diavolo — to live in the back of beyond

"tanti saluti a casa" — "best wishes to all the family"

3) (casato, stirpe) house, family

casa d'Asburgo — House of Hapsburg

4) (ditta) firm, company

2.

- casa di correzione

- casa di cura

- casa discografica

- casa editrice

- casa famiglia

- Casa delle Libertà

- casa madre

- casa di moda

- casa popolare

- casa di riposo

- casa dello studente

- casa di tolleranza

* * *
['kasa]
sostantivo femminile

1) (edificio) building; (abitazione) house; (appartamento) flat BE, apartment AE; (luogo in cui si abita) home

cercare casa — to look for a house, to house-hunt

cambiare casa — to move (house)

seconda casa — second o holiday home

stare a casa — to stay (at) home

uscire di casa — to go out

andare a casa — to go home

essere a o in casa to be at home o in; non essere in casa to be out; essere via da o di casa to be away from home; troviamoci a casa mia let's meet at my place; sono a casa di Sara I'm at Sara's (house); sentirsi (come) a casa propria to feel at home; padrone, padrona di casa — landlord, landlady

2) (famiglia)

scrivere a casa — to write home

casa Rossi — the Rossi family, the Rossis

donna di casa — (casalinga) housewife

metter su casa — to set up home o house

di casa — [lavori, conti] household

fare gli onori di casa — to do the honours, to play host

essere di casa — to be one of the family

fatto in casa — homemade

3) (dinastia)

la casa reale — the Royal Family

casa Savoia — the house of Savoy

4) sport

partita in casa, fuori casa — home match, away match

giocare fuori casa, in casa — to play away, at home

•

casa di appuntamenti — brothel

casa di campagna — cottage; (grande e con parco) country house

casa chiusa — brothel

casa di correzione — house of correction

casa di cura — nursing home

casa discografica — label, record company

casa di distribuzione — cinem. distributor

casa editrice — publishing house, publisher

casa farmaceutica — pharmaceutical company

casa da gioco — gambling house, casino

casa madre — comm. main branch, parent (company); relig. mother house

casa di moda — fashion house

casa popolare — tenement, council house; (singolo appartamento) council flat

casa di produzione — cinem. studio

casa di riposo — retirement o rest home

casa dello studente — hall of residence BE, residence (hall) AE

casa di tolleranza — brothel

la Casa Bianca — the White House

••

a casa del diavolo — in the back of beyond, right in the middle of nowhere

casa dolce casa — prov. home sweet home

essere (tutto) casa e chiesa — to be a homebody and a churchgoer
••
Note:

Tra i due principali equivalenti inglesi dell'italiano casa, house e home, il primo indica innanzitutto l'edificio in cui si abita (e in tal caso è talvolta sostituito da place), mentre il secondo è spesso connotato affettivamente (e quindi è usato come sinonimo di family). Negli anni recenti, soprattutto nelle pubblicità immobiliari, si è sviluppata la tendenza a usare home, con tutte le sue connotazioni positive, anche in riferimento alla casa come edificio. Tuttavia, un esempio come il seguente esplicita la distinzione d'uso: domani starò a casa = I'll be at home tomorrow; se il tempo è bello, non starò in casa, ma prenderò il sole in giardino = if the weather is fine, I wont' stay in the house but will sunbathe in the garden. - Si usa house quando si vuol dire che si va o si è a casa di qualcuno, anche se solitamente tale parola viene sottintesa: ieri sera abbiamo cenato a casa della sig.ra Fletcher = yesterday evening we dined at Mrs Fletcher's (house), è andato a casa di Laura = he's gone to Laura's (house). - Anche se in italiano si usa comunemente la parola casa per indicare un appartamento ( flat, apartment), in inglese house designa in senso proprio un edificio a sé stante, una casa indipendente ( detached house) o almeno semi-indipendente ( semi-detached house)

* * *

casa

/'kasa/

Tra i due principali equivalenti inglesi dell'italiano casa, house e home, il primo indica innanzitutto l'edificio in cui si abita (e in tal caso è talvolta sostituito da place), mentre il secondo è spesso connotato affettivamente (e quindi è usato come sinonimo di family). Negli anni recenti, soprattutto nelle pubblicità immobiliari, si è sviluppata la tendenza a usare home, con tutte le sue connotazioni positive, anche in riferimento alla casa come edificio. Tuttavia, un esempio come il seguente esplicita la distinzione d'uso: domani starò a casa = I'll be at home tomorrow; se il tempo è bello, non starò in casa, ma prenderò il sole in giardino = if the weather is fine, I wont' stay in the house but will sunbathe in the garden. - Si usa house quando si vuol dire che si va o si è a casa di qualcuno, anche se solitamente tale parola viene sottintesa: ieri sera abbiamo cenato a casa della sig.ra Fletcher = yesterday evening we dined at Mrs Fletcher's (house), è andato a casa di Laura = he's gone to Laura's (house). - Anche se in italiano si usa comunemente la parola casa per indicare un appartamento ( flat, apartment), in inglese house designa in senso proprio un edificio a sé stante, una casa indipendente ( detached house) o almeno semi-indipendente ( semi-detached house).

sostantivo f.

1 (edificio) building; (abitazione) house; (appartamento) flat BE, apartment AE; (luogo in cui si abita) home; cercare casa to look for a house, to house-hunt; cambiare casa to move (house); seconda casa second o holiday home; stare a casa to stay (at) home; uscire di casa to go out; andare a casa to go home; essere a o in casa to be at home o in; non essere in casa to be out; essere via da o di casa to be away from home; troviamoci a casa mia let's meet at my place; sono a casa di Sara I'm at Sara's (house); sentirsi (come) a casa propria to feel at home; padrone, padrona di casa landlord, landlady

2 (famiglia) scrivere a casa to write home; casa Rossi the Rossi family, the Rossis; donna di casa (casalinga) housewife; metter su casa to set up home o house; di casa [lavori, conti] household; fare gli onori di casa to do the honours, to play host; essere di casa to be one of the family; fatto in casa homemade

3 (dinastia) la casa reale the Royal Family; casa Savoia the house of Savoy

4 sport partita in casa, fuori casa home match, away match; giocare fuori casa, in casa to play away, at home

IDIOMS

a casa del diavolo in the back of beyond, right in the middle of nowhere; casa dolce casa prov. home sweet home; essere (tutto) casa e chiesa to be a homebody and a churchgoer

\

COMPOUNDS

casa di appuntamenti brothel; casa di campagna cottage; (grande e con parco) country house; casa chiusa brothel; casa di correzione house of correction; casa di cura nursing home; casa discografica label, record company; casa di distribuzione cinem. distributor; casa editrice publishing house, publisher; casa farmaceutica pharmaceutical company; casa da gioco gambling house, casino; casa madre comm. main branch, parent (company); relig. mother house; casa di moda fashion house; casa popolare tenement, council house; (singolo appartamento) council flat; casa di produzione cinem. studio; casa di riposo retirement o rest home; casa dello studente hall of residence BE, residence (hall) AE; casa di tolleranza brothel; la Casa Bianca the White House.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > casa
10 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 26 January 1885 London, England

d. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England

[br]

English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.

[br]

Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.

Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.

Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.

Bibliography

1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.

Further Reading

Sir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.

JB

Biographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
11 Johnson, Samuel Waite

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 14 October 1831 Bramley, Leeds, England

d. 14 January 1912 Nottingham, England

[br]

English locomotive engineer, designer of Midland Railway's successful compound locomotives.

[br]

After an apprenticeship with E.B.Wilson, Leeds, Johnson worked successively for the Great Northern, Manchester Sheffield \& Lincolnshire, Edinburgh \& Glasgow and Great Eastern Railways before being appointed Locomotive Superintendent of the Midland Railway in 1873. There he remained for the rest of his working life, becoming notable for well-designed, well-finished locomotives. Of these, the most famous were his 4–2–2 express locomotives, introduced in 1887. The use of a single pair of driving-wheels was made possible at this late date by application of steam sanding gear (invented in 1886 by F. Holt) to enable them to haul heavy trains without slipping. In 1901, almost at the end of his career, he produced the first Midland compound 4–4–0, with a single internal high-pressure cylinder and two external low-pressure ones. The system had been devised by W.M.Smith, working on the North Eastern Railway under Wilson Worsdell. These locomotives were successful enough to be developed and built in quantity by Johnson's successors and were adopted as a standard locomotive by the London Midland \& Scottish Railway after the grouping of 1923.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1898.

Further Reading

C.Hamilton Ellis, 1958, Twenty Locomotive Men, Ian Allan, Ch. 11 (describes Johnson's career).

E.L.Ahrons, 1927, The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825–1925, The Locomotive Publishing Co. (describes Johnson's locomotives).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Johnson, Samuel Waite
12 famille

famille [famij]

1. feminine noun

family

• famille éloignée/proche distant/close relatives

• on a prévenu la famille the next of kin have been informed

• famille nombreuse large family

• comment va la petite famille ? how are the little ones?

• entrer dans une famille to become part of a family

• elle fait partie de la famille she is one of the family

• il est très famille (inf) he's a real family man

• c'est une famille de musiciens they're a family of musicians

• ils sont de la même famille politique they're of the same political persuasion

► de famille [réunion, dîner] family

• c'est de famille it runs in the family► en famille ( = avec la famille) with the family ; ( = comme une famille) as a family

• il vaut mieux régler ce problème en famille it's best to sort this problem out within the family

• passer ses vacances en famille to spend one's holidays with the family

2. compounds

► famille d'accueil host family

► famille de placement foster family

* * *
famij
nom féminin

1) Sociologie family

famille monoparentale/nucléaire — one-parent/nuclear family

une famille de musiciens — a musical family

air de famille — family resemblance

c'est de famille — it runs in the family

faire partie de la famille — to be one of the family

nous partons en famille — we're going as a family

de famille — [photo, histoire] family (épith)

ne pas avoir de famille — to have no relatives

ma seule famille est un vieil oncle — my only relative is an old uncle

rentrer dans sa famille tous les samedis — to go back home every Saturday

un petit vin des familles — (colloq) a nice little wine

2) Art, Politique, Religion ( communauté) body

une famille politique — a political persuasion

3) Biologie, Botanique, Linguistique, Zoologie family

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- famille d'accueil

- famille nombreuse

- famille de placement

* * *
famij nf
1) (groupe familial) family

une famille nombreuse — a big family

la famille royale — the royal family

avoir de la famille — to have family, to have relatives

Il a de la famille à Paris. — He has family in Paris., He has relatives in Paris.

en famille — with one's family

Nous passons Noël en famille. — We have a family Christmas.

être de la famille — to be one of the family

2) (dans une taxinomie) ZOOLOGIE BOTANIQUE family

* * *

famille nf

1 Sociol family; la famille Pons the Pons family; famille monoparentale/nucléaire one-parent/nuclear family; une famille de musiciens a musical family; air de famille family resemblance; c'est de famille it runs in the family; faire partie de la famille to be one of the family; je pars en famille I'm going with my family; nous partons en famille we're going as a family; de famille [photo, album, histoire, arrangement] family ( épith); ne pas avoir de famille to have no relatives; avoir beaucoup de famille dans la région to have lots of relatives in the area; ma seule famille est un vieil oncle my only relative is an old uncle; rentrer dans sa famille tous les samedis to go back home every Saturday; comment va la petite famille○? how's the family?; un petit vin des familles○ a nice little wine; être de bonne famille to come from a good family; ⇒ sept, linge;

2 Art, Pol, Relig ( communauté) body; la famille socialiste/surréaliste the socialist/surrealist body; une famille politique a political persuasion;

3 Biol, Bot, Zool family;

4 Ling family; famille de langues/mots language/word family.

Composés

famille d'accueil host family; famille adoptive adoptive family; famille naturelle natural family; famille nombreuse family with more than two children; famille de placement foster family; famille reconstituée Sociol reconstituted family.

ⓘ Famille nombreuse The official term for a large family, which qualifies for special benefits, discounts, and in some cases honours, and reflects a government policy of encouraging population growth.

[famij] nom féminin

1. [foyer] family

la famille Laverne the Laverne family, the Lavernes

revenu par famille income per household

il rentre dans sa famille tous les week-ends he goes back home every weekend

famille monoparentale single-parent ou lone-parent family

famille nombreuse, grande famille (Suisse) large family

famille nucléaire nuclear family

famille recomposée blended family

2. [enfants] family, children

comment va la petite famille? (familier) how are the children?

3. [tous les parents] family, relatives

ils sont de la même famille they're related

prévenir la famille

a. to inform somebody's relatives

b. DROIT to inform the next of kin

c'est une famille de danseurs they're all dancers in their family, they're a family of dancers

les 200 familles the wealthiest families in France

4. BOTANIQUE & LINGUISTIQUE & ZOOLOGIE family, group

famille de langues group of languages

famille de mots/plantes family of words/plants

CHIMIE & PHYSIQUE chain, family

famille de l'uranium uranium series

MATHÉMATIQUES & MUSIQUE family

la famille des instruments à vent the wind family

5. [idéologie] obedience, persuasion

de la même famille politique of the same political persuasion

de bonne famille locution adjectivale

well brought up, from a good family

————————

de famille locution adjectivale

[cercle, médecin, biens] family (modificateur)

————————

de famille locution adverbiale

c'est ou cela tient de famille it runs in the family, it's in the blood

————————

des familles locution adjectivale

(familier) cosy, nice (little)

————————

en famille locution adverbiale

1. [en groupe]

passer Noël en famille to spend Christmas with one's family ou at home

2. [en confiance]

se sentir en famille to feel at home

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > famille
13 maison

maison [mεzɔ̃]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = bâtiment) house

• maison individuelle house

   b. ( = foyer) home

• rester à la maison to stay at home

• rentrer à la maison to go home

• nous sommes sept à la maison there are seven of us at home

   c. ( = entreprise) company

• il a 15 ans de maison he's been with the firm for 15 years

• la maison n'est pas responsable de... the company accepts no responsibility for...

• c'est offert par la maison it's on the house

• « la maison ne fait pas crédit » "no credit"

   d. ( = famille royale) la maison de Hanovre the House of Hanover

2. invariable adjective

   a. [gâteau, confiture] home-made ; [personne] ( = formé sur place) (inf) trained by the firm ; ( = travaillant exclusivement pour l'entreprise) (inf) in-house

• pâté maison chef's own pâté

• est-ce que c'est fait maison ? do you make it yourself?

   b. (intensif) (inf) first-rate

• il y a eu une bagarre quelque chose de maison there was an almighty (inf) fight

• il s'est fait engueuler quelque chose de maison ! (inf!) he got one hell of a row! (inf)

3. compounds

► maison d'arrêt prison

► la Maison Blanche the White House

► maison de campagne house in the country

► maison close brothel

► maison de couture couture house

► maison de la culture arts centre

► maison de disques record company

► maison d'édition publishing house

► maison d'éducation surveillée ≈ approved school (Brit), ≈ reform school (US)

► maison de jeu gambling club

► maison des jeunes et de la culture ≈ community arts centre

► maison de maître mansion

► maison mère parent company

► maison de passe brothel

► maison de poupée doll's house

► maison de la presse ≈ newsagent's (Brit), ≈ newsdealer (US)

► maison de repos convalescent home

► maison de retraite old people's home

► maison de santé ( = clinique) nursing home ; ( = asile) mental home

* * *
mɛzɔ̃
1.

adjectif invariable

1) (fait chez soi, comme chez soi) home-made

2) ( d'une entreprise)

notre formation maison — our very own training scheme

2.

nom féminin

1) ( bâtisse) house

2) ( domicile familial) home

rester à la maison — to stay at home

elle tient la maison — she runs the house

3) ( maisonnée) household; ( famille) family

la maison du roi — the royal household

le fils de la maison — the son of the family

faire la jeune fille de la maison — hum to do the honours [BrE]

gens de maison — domestic staff [U]

c'est une maison de fous! — it's a madhouse!

4) ( lignée) family

maison d'Orange — House of Orange

5) ( société) firm

avoir 15 ans de maison — to have been with the firm for 15 years

maison d'édition — publishing house

maison de production — production company

maison de confiance — reliable company

‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ — ‘no credit given’

6) ( en astrologie) house

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- maison d'arrêt

- maison bourgeoise

- maison de campagne

- maison close

- maison de correction

- maison de la culture

- maison des jeunes et de la culture

- maison de jeu

- maison maternelle

- maison mère

- maison de passe

- maison de poupée

- maison de retraite

- maison de santé

- la Maison Blanche

••

c'est gros comme une maison — (colloq) it sticks out a mile

avoir un pied dans la maison — to have a foot in the door

c'est la maison du bon Dieu — it's open house

* * *
mɛzɔ̃
1. nf

1) (= bâtiment) house

Ils habitent dans la maison qui est au bout de la rue. — They live in the house at the end of the street.

maisons mitoyennes (en deux parties) — semi-detached houses, (faisant partie d'une rangée) terraced houses

2) (= chez-soi) home

Ils ont admirablement meublé leur maison. — They furnished their home beautifully.

à la maison (situation) — at home, (avec direction) home

Je serai à la maison cet après-midi. — I'll be at home this afternoon.

Elle est rentrée à la maison. — She's gone home.

3) COMMERCE (= entreprise) firm

2. adj inv CUISINE (gâteau, pâté)
home-made, (au restaurant) made by the chef
1) COMMERCE (propre à l'entreprise) in-house

Nous avons notre formation maison. — We have in-house training.

2) * proper * right *

une engueulade maison — a proper telling-off, a right telling-off

* * *

maison

A adj inv

1 (fait chez soi, comme chez soi) home-made; ( fait sur place) made on the premises; commentaire/humour maison iron typical comment/humour^GB;

2 ( d'une entreprise) notre formation/spécialiste maison our very own training scheme/specialist;

3 ○( très bon) first class.

B nf

1 ( bâtisse) house; maison individuelle detached house;

2 ( domicile familial) home; rester à la maison to stay at home; quitter la maison to leave home; la maison familiale the family home; elle tient la maison she runs the house; gérer le budget de la maison to manage the household budget; il m'a fait les honneurs de la maison he showed me round the house; la maison du Seigneur the House of the Lord;

3 ( personnes habitant ensemble) house, household; ( domestiques) household; la maison du roi the royal household; ami de la maison friend of the family; le fils de la maison the son of the family; faire la jeune fille de la maison hum to do the honours^GB; employés or gens de maison domestic staff; c'est une maison de fous! it's a madhouse!;

4 ( lignée) family; descendant d'une grande maison descendant of a great family; maison d'Orange House of Orange;

5 ( société) firm; il n'est pas de la maison he's not with the firm; avoir 15 ans de maison to have been with the firm for 15 years; maison d'édition/de (haute) couture publishing/fashion house; maison de production production company; la maison Hachette Hachette; maison de confiance reliable company; ‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ ‘no credit given’; ‘la maison n'accepte pas les chèques’ ‘we do not take cheques^GB’; ‘la Maison du livre étranger’ the Foreign Bookshop;

6 Astrol house.

Composés

maison d'arrêt prison (for offenders with sentences under two years); maison de campagne house in the country; maison centrale prison (for offenders with sentences over two years); maison close brothel; maison de commerce (business) firm; maison communale community centre^GB; maison de convalescence convalescent home; maison de correction institution for young offenders; maison de la culture ≈ community arts centre^GB; maison de gros wholesalers (pl); maison des jeunes et de la culture, MJC ≈ youth club; maison de jeu gaming house; maison de maître manor; maison maternelle home for single mothers; maison mère ( siège) headquarters (pl); ( établissement principal) main branch; maison normande half-timbered house; maison de passe brothel; maison de poupée doll's GB ou doll US house; maison de redressement institution for young offenders; maison religieuse ( couvent) convent; maison de repos rest home; maison de retraite old people's ou retirement home; maison de santé nursing home; maison de tolérance† brothel; la Maison Blanche the White House.

Idiomes

c'est gros comme une maison it sticks out a mile; avoir un pied dans la maison to have a foot in the door; c'est la maison du bon Dieu it's open house.

[mɛzɔ̃] nom féminin

A.

1. [bâtiment] house, dwelling (soutenu)

maisons (d'habitation) private dwellings (soutenu) ou houses

maison bourgeoise fine town house ou residence (soutenu)

maison de campagne

a. [généralement] house ou home in the country

b. [rustique] (country) cottage

maison individuelle [non attenante] detached house

maison de maître

a. [en bien propre] owner-occupied house

b. [cossue] fine large house

maison de poupée doll's house

maison préfabriquée prefabricated house

gros comme une maison (familier) plain for all to see

il te drague, c'est gros comme une maison (familier) he's flirting with you, it's as plain as the nose on your face

2. [foyer, intérieur] home, house

je l'ai cherché dans toute la maison I've looked for it all over the house

il a quitté la maison à 16 ans he left home when he was 16

tenir une maison to look after a ou to keep house

les dépenses de la maison household expenditure

à la maison at home

cet après-midi, je suis à la maison I'm (at) home this afternoon

rentre à la maison!

a. [locuteur à l'extérieur] go home!

b. [locuteur à l'intérieur] come ou get back in!

‘tout pour la maison’ ‘household goods’

B.

1. [famille, groupe] family

visiblement, vous n'êtes pas de la maison you obviously don't work here

toute la maison est partie pour Noël all the people in the house have ou the whole family has gone away for Christmas

2. [personnel] household

la maison civile/militaire the civil/military household

3. [dynastie] house

la maison des Tudor the House of Tudor

être le descendant d'une grande maison to be of noble birth

4. [lieu de travail - d'un domestique] household (where a person is employed as a domestic)

j'ai fait les meilleures maisons I've been in service with the best families

vous avez combien d'années de maison? how long have you been in service?

C.

1. COMMERCE firm, company

j'ai 20 ans de maison I've been with the company for 20 years

un habitué de la maison a regular (customer)

‘la maison ne fait pas crédit’ ‘no credit given’

‘la maison n'accepte pas les chèques’ ‘no cheques (accepted)’

maison de détail/gros retail/wholesale business

maison de commerce (commercial) firm ou company

maison de couture fashion house

maison d'édition publishing house

maison d'import-export import-export firm ou company ou business

la Maison de la presse newsagent's

maison de titres BANQUE ≃ clearing house (for clearing stocks)

2. RELIGION

la maison de Dieu ou du Seigneur the house of God, the Lord's house

3. [lieu spécialisé]

maison close ou de tolérance (vieilli) brothel

maison de correction ou de redressement HISTOIRE reformatory (archaïque), remand home (UK), borstal (UK)

maison d'arrêt remand centre

maison centrale (de force) prison, State penitentiary (US)

maison de convalescence convalescent home

maison de la culture ≃ arts ou cultural centre

maison d'enfants (residential) holiday centre for children, camp (US)

maison familiale holiday home (UK), vacation home (US) (for low-income families)

maison de fous (péjoratif) madhouse

maison de jeu gambling ou gaming house

maison des jeunes et de la culture ≃ youth and community centre

maison maternelle family home

maison de passe sleazy hotel (used by prostitutes)

maison du peuple ≃ trade union and community centre

la Maison de la radioParisian headquarters and studios of French public radio, ≃ Broadcasting House (UK)

maison de repos rest ou convalescent home

maison de retraite old people's home, retirement home

maison de santé nursing home

D.astrologie

house, mansion

————————

[mɛzɔ̃] adjectif invariable

1. [fabrication] home-made

spécialité maison speciality of the house

2. [employé] in-house

nous avons nos traducteurs maison we have an in-house translation department

syndicat maison company union

3. (familier) [en intensif] first-rate, top-notch

il s'est fait engueuler, quelque chose de maison! he got one hell of a talking-to!

une engueulade maison (très familier) one hell of a dressing-down

maison mère nom féminin

1. COMMERCE mother (UK) ou parent company

2. RELIGION mother house

MAISON DE LA CULTURE

An ambitious project begun by André Malraux in the 1960s to establish cultural centres all over France. Designed to bring high culture to the provinces, these centres encountered much opposition and only eleven survived.

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > maison
14 лететь вверх тормашками

разг.

go flying head over heels; fall head over heels; go topsy-turvy

У буржуа - почва под ногами определённая, как у свиньи - навоз; семья, капитал, служебное положение, орден, чин, бог на иконе, царь на троне. Вытащи это - и всё полетит вверх тормашками. (А. Блок, Интеллигенция и революция) — The ground under the bourgeois feet is of a definite composition, like the manure under the feet of pigs; family, capital, position at work, honours, rank, God on his icon, the tsar on his throne. Pull all that out from under him - and everything goes flying head over heels.

Ну хорошо же, чтобы он ни внушил мне сегодня, возьму и нарисую ему треугольник. Да, назло нарисую просто треугольник, и ничего больше. Вся его телепатия полетит вверх тормашками. (В. Солоухин, Урок телепатии) — She would show him! Whatever he transmitted, she would draw nothing but a triangle. That's it, she would draw a single triangle just for spite. Let all his fine theories about mental telepathy be smashed to smithereens.

Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > лететь вверх тормашками
15 Brennan, Louis

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 28 January 1852 Castlebar, Ireland

d. 17 January 1932 Montreux, Switzerland

[br]

Irish inventor of the Brennan dirigible torpedo, and of a gyroscopically balanced monorail system.

[br]

The Brennan family, including Louis, emigrated to Australia in 1861. He was an inventive genius from childhood, and while at Melbourne invented his torpedo. Within it were two drums, each with several miles of steel wire coiled upon it and mounted on one of two concentric propeller shafts. The propellers revolved in opposite directions. Wires were led out of the torpedo to winding drums on land, driven by high-speed steam engines: the faster the drums on shore were driven, the quicker the wires were withdrawn from the drums within the torpedo and the quicker the propellers turned. A steering device was operated by altering the speeds of the wires relative to one another. As finally developed, Brennan torpedoes were accurate over a range of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in contrast to contemporary self-propelled torpedoes, which were unreliable at ranges over 400 yards (366 in).

Brennan moved to England in 1880 and sold the rights to his torpedo to the British Government for a total of £110,000, probably the highest payment ever made by it to an individual inventor. Brennan torpedoes became part of the defences of many vital naval ports, but never saw active service: improvement of other means of defence meant they were withdrawn in 1906. By then Brennan was deeply involved in the development of his monorail. The need for a simple and cheap form of railway had been apparent to him when in Australia and he considered it could be met by a ground-level monorail upon which vehicles would be balanced by gyroscopes. After overcoming many manufacturing difficulties, he demonstrated first a one-eighth scale version and then a full-size, electrically driven vehicle, which ran on its single rail throughout the summer of 1910 in London, carrying up to fifty passengers at a time. Development had been supported financially by, successively, the War Office, the India Office and the Government of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had no rail access; despite all this, however, no further financial support, government or commercial, was forthcoming.

Brennan made many other inventions, worked on the early development of helicopters and in 1929 built a gyroscopically balanced, two-wheeled motor car which, however, never went into production.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Companion of the Bath 1892.

Bibliography

1878, British patent no. 3359 (torpedo) 1903, British patent no. 27212 (stability mechanisms).

Further Reading

R.E.Wilkes, 1973, Louis Brennan CB, 2 parts, Gillingham (Kent) Public Library. J.R.Day and B.C.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, London: F.Muller.

See also: Behr, Fritz Bernhard; Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse; Palmer, Henry Robinson( monorails); Whitehead, Robert( torpedoes).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Brennan, Louis
16 Camm, Sir Sydney

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 5 August 1893 Windsor, Berkshire, England

d. 12 March 1966 Richmond, Surrey, England

[br]

English military aircraft designer.

[br]

He was the eldest of twelve children and his father was a journeyman carpenter, in whose footsteps Camm followed as an apprentice woodworker. He developed an early interest in aircraft, becoming a keen model maker in his early teens and taking a major role in founding a local society to this end, and in 1912 he designed and built a glider able to carry people. During the First World War he worked as a draughtsman for the aircraft firm Martinsyde, but became increasingly involved in design matters as the war progressed. In 1923 Camm was recruited by Sopwith to join his Hawker Engineering Company as Senior Draughtsman, but within two years had risen to be Chief Designer. His first important contribution was to develop a method of producing metal aircraft, using welded steel tubes, and in 1926 he designed his first significant aircraft, the Hawker Horsley torpedo-bomber, which briefly held the world long-distance record before it was snatched by Charles Lindbergh in his epic New York-Paris flight in 1927. His Hawker Hart light bomber followed in 1928, after which came his Hawker Fury fighter.

By the mid-1930s Camm's reputation as a designer was such that he was able to wield significant influence on the Air Ministry when Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft specifications were being drawn up. His outstanding contribution came, however, with the unveiling of his Hawker Hurricane in 1935. This single-seater fighter was to prove one of the backbones of the RAF during 1939–45, but during the war he also designed two other excellent fighters: the Tempest and the Typhoon. After the Second World War Camm turned to jet aircraft, producing in 1951 the Hawker Hunter fighter/ground-attack aircraft, which saw lengthy service in the RAF and many other air forces. His most revolutionary contribution was the design of the Harrier jump-jet, beginning with the P.1127 prototype in 1961, followed by the Kestrel three years later. These were private ventures, but eventually the Government saw the enormous merit in the vertical take-off and landing concept, and the Harrier came to fruition in 1967. Sadly Camm, who was on the Board of Sopwith Hawker Siddeley Group, died before the aircraft came into service. He is permanently commemorated in the Camm Memorial Hall at the RAF Museum, Hendon, London.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

CBE 1941. Knighted 1953. Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society 1918, Fellow 1932, President 1954–5, Gold Medal 1958. Daniel Guggenheim Medal (USA) 1965.

Further Reading

Alan Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888–1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens (provides information about Camm and his association with Sopwith).

Dictionary of National Biography, 1961–70.

CM

Biographical history of technology > Camm, Sir Sydney
17 Crampton, Thomas Russell

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 6 August 1816 Broadstairs, Kent, England

d. 19 April 1888 London, England

[br]

English engineer, pioneer of submarine electric telegraphy and inventor of the Crampton locomotive.

[br]

After private education and an engineering apprenticeship, Crampton worked under Marc Brunel, Daniel Gooch and the Rennie brothers before setting up as a civil engineer in 1848. His developing ideas on locomotive design were expressed through a series of five patents taken out between 1842 and 1849, each making a multiplicity of claims. The most typical feature of the Crampton locomotive, however, was a single pair of driving wheels set to the rear of the firebox. This meant they could be of large diameter, while the centre of gravity of the locomotive remained low, for the boiler barrel, though large, had only small carrying-wheels beneath it. The cylinders were approximately midway along the boiler and were outside the frames, as was the valve gear. The result was a steady-riding locomotive which neither pitched about a central driving axle nor hunted from side to side, as did other contemporary locomotives, and its working parts were unusually accessible for maintenance. However, adhesive weight was limited and the long wheelbase tended to damage track. Locomotives of this type were soon superseded on British railways, although they lasted much longer in Germany and France. Locomotives built to the later patents incorporated a long, coupled wheelbase with drive through an intermediate crankshaft, but they mostly had only short lives. In 1851 Crampton, with associates, laid the first successful submarine electric telegraph cable. The previous year the brothers Jacob and John Brett had laid a cable, comprising a copper wire insulated with gutta-percha, beneath the English Channel from Dover to Cap Gris Nez: signals were passed but within a few hours the cable failed. Crampton joined the Bretts' company, put up half the capital needed for another attempt, and designed a much stronger cable. Four gutta-percha-insulated copper wires were twisted together, surrounded by tarred hemp and armoured by galvanized iron wires; this cable was successful.

Crampton was also active in railway civil engineering and in water and gas engineering, and c. 1882 he invented a hydraulic tunnel-boring machine intended for a Channel tunnel.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Vice-President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Officier de la Légion d'Honneur (France).

Bibliography

1842, British patent no. 9,261.

1845. British patent no. 10,854.

1846. British patent no. 11,349.

1847. British patent no. 11,760.

1849, British patent no. 12,627.

1885, British patent no. 14,021.

Further Reading

M.Sharman, 1933, The Crampton Locomotive, Swindon: M.Sharman; P.C.Dewhurst, 1956–7, "The Crampton locomotive", Parts I and II, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 30:99 (the most important recent publications on Crampton's locomotives).

C.Hamilton Ellis, 1958, Twenty Locomotive Men, Shepperton: Ian Allen. J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles, 102–4.

R.B.Matkin, 1979, "Thomas Crampton: Man of Kent", Industrial Past 6 (2).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Crampton, Thomas Russell
18 Crossley, Sir Francis

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. 26 October 1817 Halifax, England

d. 5 January 1872 Belle Vue, Halifax, England

[br]

English developer of a power loom for weaving carpets.

[br]

Francis Crossley was the youngest of three brothers employed in their father's carpet-weaving business in Halifax and who took over the running of the company on their father's death in 1837. Francis seems to have been the one with technical ability, for it was he who saw the possibilities of weaving by power. Growth of the company was rapid through his policy of acquiring patents and then improving them, and it was soon at the forefront of the carpet-manufacturing trade. He had taken out rights on the patents of John Hill of Manchester, but his experiments with Hill's looms for weaving carpets were not successful.

In the spring of 1850 Francis asked a textile inventor, George Collier of Barnsley, to develop a power loom for carpet manufacture. Collier produced a model that was a distinct advance on earlier looms, and Francis engaged him to perfect a power loom for weaving tapestry and Brussels carpets. After a great deal of money had been expended, a patent was taken out in 1850 in the name of his brother, Joseph Crossley, for a loom that could weave velvet as well as carpets and included some of the ideas of the American E.B. Bigelow. This new loom proved to be a great advance on all the earlier ones, and thus brought the Crossleys a great fortune from both sales of patent rights and the production of carpets from their mills, which were soon enlarged.

According to the Dictionary of National Biography, Francis Crossley was Mayor of Halifax in 1849 and 1850, but Hogg gives this position to his elder brother John. In 1852 Francis was returned to Parliament as the Liberal member for Halifax, and in 1859 he became the member for the West Riding. Among his benefactions, in 1855 he gave to the town of Halifax a twelve-acre park that cost £41,300; a statue of him was erected there. In the same year he endowed twenty-one almshouses. In 1863 a baronetcy was conferred upon him in recognition of his commercial and public services, which he continued to perform until his death. In 1870 he gave the London Missionary Society £20,000, their largest single donation up to that time, and another £10,000 to the Congregational Pastor's Retiring Fund. He became ill when on a journey to the Holy Land in 1869, but although he made a partial recovery he grew worse again towards the end of 1871 and died early in the following year. He left £800,000 in his will.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Baronet 1863.

Further Reading

Obituary, 1872, The Times 6 January.

Dictionary of National Biography.

J.Hogg (ed.), n.d., Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of Crossley's career).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Crossley, Sir Francis
19 Focke, E.H.Heinrich

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

b. October 1890 Bremen, Germany

d. February 1979 Bremen, Germany

[br]

German aircraft designer who was responsible for the first practical helicopter, in 1936.

[br]

Between 1911 and 1914 Heinrich Focke and Georg Wulf built a monoplane and some years later, in 1924, they founded the Focke-Wulf company. They designed and built a variety of civil and military aircraft including the F 19Ente, a tail-first design of 1927. This canard layout was thought to be safer than conventional designs but, unfortunately, it crashed, killing Wulf. Around 1930 Focke became interested in rotary-wing aircraft, and in 1931 he set up a company with Gerd Achgelis to conduct research in this field. The Focke-Wulf company took out a licence to build Cierva autogiros. Focke designed an improved autogiro, the Fw 186, which flew in 1938; it was entered for a military competition, but it was beaten by a fixed-wing aircraft, the Fieseler Storch. In May 1935 Focke resigned from Focke-Wulf to concentrate on helicopter development with the Focke-Achgelis company. His first design was the Fa 61 helicopter, which utilized the fuselage and engine of a conventional aeroplane but instead of wings had two out-riggers, each carrying a rotor. The engine drove these rotors in opposite directions to counteract the adverse torque effect (with a single rotor the fuselage tends to rotate in the opposite direction to the rotor). Following its first flight on 26 June 1936, the Fa 61 went on to break several world records. However, it attracted more public attention when it was flown inside the huge Deutschlandhalle in Berlin by the famous female test pilot Hanna Reitsch in February 1938. Focke continued to develop his helicopter projects for the Focke-Achgelis company and produced the Fa 223 Drache in 1940. This used twin contra-rotating rotors, like the Fa 61, but could carry six people. Its production was hampered by allied bombing of the factory. During the Second World War Focke- Achgelis also produced a rotor kite which could be towed behind a U-boat to provide a flying "crow's nest", as well as designs for an advanced convertiplane (part aeroplane, part helicopter). After the war, Focke worked in France, the Netherlands and Brazil, then in 1954 he became Professor of Aeroplane and Helicopter Design at the University of Stuttgart.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Wissenschaftliche, Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt Lilienthal Medal, Prandtl-Ring.

Bibliography

1965, "German thinking on rotary-wing development", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, (May).

Further Reading

W.Gunston and J.Batchelor, 1977, Helicopters 1900–1960, London.

J.R.Smith, 1973, Focke-Wulf: An Aircraft Album, London (primarily a picture book). R.N.Liptrot, 1948, Rotating Wing Activities in Germany during the Period 1939–45, London.

K.von Gersdorff and K.Knobling, 1982, Hubschrauber und Tragschrauber, Munich (a more recent publication, in German).

JDS

Biographical history of technology > Focke, E.H.Heinrich
20 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 8 February 1825 Paris, France

d. 14 April 1882 Paris, France

[br]

French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.

[br]

Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.

As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Croix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.

Bibliography

1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.

1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.

Further Reading

Dictionnaire de biographie française.

Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.

—1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.

W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.

Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.

J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.

PJGR / JDS

Biographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

single honours

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